Optical communication is often thought to be the solution for digital signal communication. However, in practice, cheap plastic optical fiber (POF) communication is not giving the wanted bandwidth due to the multi-mode nature of it. On the other hand, mono-mode optical fiber communication has remained too expensive due to the required precise mechanical alignment parts. The research of high-speed base-band electronics focuses on circuits for electrical communication with extended reach and wide bandwidth circuits like self-adaptive equalizers, clock and data-recovery (CDR), high-speed serializers and deserialisers (SERDES circuits) in CMOS operating at low voltage, i.e. at 1.0-1.2V.